Introduction
Two transformative technologies are reshaping our world: low-cost, autonomous submersibles that can dive into the deepest ocean trenches, and conversational AI tools that advise military commanders. Both offer unprecedented capabilities—but also raise serious ethical and environmental concerns. This step-by-step guide will help you understand how these technologies work, why they matter, and what to watch for as they develop. Drawing on the latest reporting from MIT Technology Review, you'll learn the key facts about seafloor research, deep-sea mining, and AI in the war room.
What You Need
- Basic knowledge of oceanography and deep-sea environments
- Familiarity with AI and machine learning concepts
- Interest in military technology and defense strategy
- Access to reputable sources (e.g., scientific journals, defense reports)
- Critical thinking skills to weigh benefits vs. risks
Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Learn About Inexpensive Seafloor-Hopping Submersibles
Start by understanding the technology behind the recent descent of two oblong neon submersibles nearly 6,000 meters into the Pacific Ocean. Built by Orpheus Ocean, these vehicles are designed to map the seafloor in search of critical mineral deposits. Unlike traditional deep-sea vehicles that cost tens of millions of dollars, these submersibles are much cheaper to build and operate. Their ability to “hop” between locations on the seafloor makes them highly versatile for scientific research.
Step 2: Appreciate the Scientific Potential
Scientists have long struggled to study the deep sea because of prohibitively high costs. With these inexpensive submersibles, researchers can now probe the vastly understudied ocean floor—home to unique ecosystems and valuable resources. If successful, Orpheus’s vehicles could accelerate discoveries in marine biology, geology, and climate science. The key advantage: more missions at a fraction of the cost of existing systems.
Step 3: Recognize the Mining Implications and Environmental Risks
Unfortunately, the same technology that benefits science also attracts deep-sea mining companies. The submersibles can locate rich deposits of minerals like cobalt, nickel, and manganese—essential for batteries and electronics. This has sparked concerns about environmental damage: mining activities could destroy fragile habitats, stir up toxic sediments, and disrupt marine life that we know little about. Environmental groups warn that rushing into mining could cause irreversible harm. Weigh the economic drive against ecological costs.
Step 4: Explore the New AI Advice Engines in Military Settings
Shift focus to land-based technologies. A new kind of system has entered the war room: conversational AI tools that not only analyze data but also advise commanders. According to one US defense official, personnel might give these engines a list of potential targets to help decide which to strike first. China is developing similar tools. These AI advisors can process vast amounts of intelligence rapidly, potentially improving decision-making speed and accuracy.
Step 5: Evaluate the Risks of AI-Generated Errors and Lack of Transparency
As these systems gain traction, concerns mount. AI models can produce errors—sometimes called “hallucinations”—that could lead to catastrophic battlefield mistakes. Moreover, the algorithms behind the advice are often opaque, making it difficult for human commanders to verify recommendations. There's also worry about Big Tech companies gaining undue influence over what information gets seen, as they supply the very models that shape military decisions. Scrutinize these risks carefully.
Step 6: Understand the Big Tech Influence
The AI tools used by militaries are often built by private companies like OpenAI, Google, and others. This raises questions about corporate power over national security. If a tech firm decides to change an algorithm or limit access to certain data, it could directly affect military operations. The original article highlights that Elon Musk pushed OpenAI to go commercial years ago, showing how corporate interests can shape the trajectory of AI—including its military applications.
Step 7: Synthesize and Draw Conclusions
Both technologies share a common thread: they offer powerful new capabilities but come with significant trade-offs. For submersibles, the balance is between scientific discovery and environmental protection. For military chatbots, it’s between faster, smarter decisions and the risks of automation bias, errors, and loss of human oversight. As these tools evolve, policymakers, scientists, and the public must engage in informed debate. Stay updated through reliable sources like MIT Technology Review’s “10 Things That Matter in AI” and their narrated podcasts.
Tips
- Stay skeptical: Always question who benefits from a new technology—and at what cost to the environment or human rights.
- Follow the money: Corporate backing can drive innovation but also create conflicts. Look for funding sources behind research and development.
- Demand transparency: For military AI, insist on explainable models and human-in-the-loop protocols.
- Support responsible science: Encourage deep-sea research that prioritizes conservation over extraction.
- Keep learning: Subscribe to newsletters like The Download to track these fast-moving fields.
This guide is based on reporting by Hannah Richter and James O'Donnell in MIT Technology Review.