Overview
Quotes shape how we think about technology. Yet many famous sayings travel far from their origins, picking up modifications and losing their original authors. This tutorial uses one such quote—"If you think technology will solve your problem, you don't understand your problem and you don't understand technology"—as a case study to teach you how to trace, modify, and properly attribute tech quotes. The quote was popularized by security expert Bruce Schneier, performed by musician Laurie Anderson, but originally came from cryptographer Roger Needham. By following this guide, you'll learn to research quote origins, track changes, and give credit where it's due.
Prerequisites
- Basic internet search skills (using search engines, databases)
- Familiarity with common citation formats (APA, MLA, or Chicago style)
- A genuine interest in verifying information and respecting intellectual property
- Access to a computer or device with internet connection
Step-by-Step Instructions
Step 1: Identify the Quote and Collect Initial Clues
Start with the version you've encountered. Write it down exactly. For our example, the quote appears in Laurie Anderson's album and interviews:
"If you think technology will solve your problems, you don't understand technology and you don't understand your problems."
Note any context—who said it, where you heard it, and any related names. Anderson herself attributes it to “a cryptologist,” which is a key clue.
Step 2: Search for the Earliest Known Version
Use a search engine with phrases from the quote. Try different combinations: "cryptology" + "solve your problems" + "quote". Examine academic papers, books, and interviews. You might find that the original is more specific: about cryptography, not technology in general. Bruce Schneier's 2000 book Secrets and Lies contains a modified version: "If you think technology can solve your security problems, then you don't understand the problems and you don't understand the technology." This is a direct modification of Roger Needham's original: "If you think cryptography can solve your problem, you don't understand your problem and you don't understand cryptography."
Step 3: Compare Versions and Track Modifications
Create a timeline of the quote's evolution. Here is the lineage:
- Roger Needham (original): Focused on cryptography.
- Bruce Schneier (2000): Changed "cryptography" to "technology" and added "security" before "problem".
- Bruce Schneier (later): Dropped "security", now says "If you think technology will solve your problem..."
- Laurie Anderson (2020s): Uses Schneier's version, pluralizing "problems" and dropping "the".
Note each modification and who made it. This helps understand how a quote becomes general and loses its original specificity.
Step 4: Verify the Original Author
Search for Roger Needham's work, especially interviews or papers where he might have said the original. Use academic databases like Google Scholar or university archives. Confirm that the quote is indeed attributed to him in multiple sources. In our case, Schneier himself acknowledges Needham as the source, albeit belatedly.
Step 5: Understand Why Modifications Happen
Quotes are often adapted to fit a new context. Schneier changed the subject from cryptography to technology to apply to a broader audience (security professionals). He later dropped "security" to make it even more general. Anderson's usage in an art context further generalizes it. Recognize that each modification serves a purpose—making the quote more relevant or punchy—but can also dilute the original meaning.
Step 6: Apply Proper Attribution in Your Own Work
When you use a quote, always credit the original author, not just the person who popularized it. For example, if you cite Anderson's version, you could write: "As cryptographer Roger Needham originally said (later adapted by Bruce Schneier and popularized by Laurie Anderson), 'If you think technology will solve your problem...'" Provide a citation to the earliest verifiable source. Use tools like Zotero or Mendeley to manage references.
Common Mistakes
- Assuming the first person you hear is the originator: Laurie Anderson quoted a cryptologist, but many people now think she coined it. Always dig deeper.
- Not verifying the exact wording: Small changes (e.g., "your problem" vs. "your problems") can alter meaning. Check multiple sources.
- Omitting attribution entirely: Even if you modify a quote, acknowledge the original source. Schneier regretted not crediting Needham earlier.
- Relying on memory alone: Always look up the quote before repeating it. Memory is fallible.
- Ignoring context: The original quote was about cryptography, a specific field. Using it for "technology" in general can misrepresent the intent.
Summary
This tutorial walked through the journey of a single quote from Roger Needham, through Bruce Schneier, to Laurie Anderson. You learned how to identify a quote, search for its earliest version, compare modifications, verify the original author, understand why changes occur, and apply proper attribution. The key takeaway: always credit the originator, even if the quote has evolved. This practice respects intellectual property and maintains the integrity of the original insight. By following these steps, you can become a more accurate and ethical communicator in the tech community.